Gyeongju, the Museum without Walls in Korea

Gyeongju, often referred to as the “museum without walls,” is an essential city for understanding Korean history and culture. It served as the capital of the Silla Kingdom for over a thousand years, flourishing as a political, cultural, and religious center. 

Today, Gyeongju remains a popular destination for tourists, offering a unique blend of ancient heritage and modern amenities. The city provides a diverse range of travel experiences, from exploring ancient ruins to enjoying its beautiful natural landscapes. Visiting Gyeongju allows one to directly engage with Korea’s profound history and culture and to appreciate the glorious legacy of the Silla Kingdom. Now, let’s dive deep into this city with me.

What to See in Gyeongju

Exploring Bulguksa Temple: A Masterpiece of Buddhist Architecture

Historical Background

Bulguksa Temple was commissioned by King Gyeongdeok and completed in 774 AD under the supervision of his minister, Kim Daeseong. The temple was built to honor the Buddha and to bring peace and prosperity to the kingdom. Over the centuries, Bulguksa has undergone several renovations and restorations, particularly during the Joseon Dynasty and after the Korean War, ensuring its preservation and continuation as a vital cultural and religious site.

Architectural Features

Bulguksa Temple is renowned for its unique architectural features, which combine to create a harmonious and serene environment. The temple complex includes several buildings, pagodas, and bridges, each with its own historical and artistic significance.

1. Daeungjeon (Hall of Great Enlightenment): This is the main hall of Bulguksa, housing statues of the Sakyamuni Buddha and other important Buddhist figures. The hall is intricately decorated with wooden carvings and paintings that depict various aspects of Buddhist teachings.
2. Seokgatap and Dabotap Pagodas: Located in the temple courtyard, these two stone pagodas are prime examples of Silla-era stonework. Seokgatap is a simple, three-story pagoda symbolizing the Buddha’s enlightenment, while Dabotap is more elaborate, representing the complexity and beauty of Buddhist philosophy.
3. Cheongun-gyo (Blue Cloud Bridge) and Baegun-gyo (White Cloud Bridge): These twin bridges are masterpieces of stone engineering, leading visitors from the mundane world into the sacred space of the temple. The bridges symbolize the path to enlightenment and are celebrated for their graceful design and construction.
4. Gwaneumjeon (Hall of Avalokitesvara): Dedicated to the Bodhisattva of Compassion, this hall is adorned with beautiful murals and statues, emphasizing the compassionate aspect of Buddhist practice.

Artistic Significance

The artistry of Bulguksa Temple is evident in its detailed woodwork, stone carvings, and paintings. The temple’s design reflects the Buddhist concept of harmony between the earthly and the spiritual realms. The use of natural materials, such as wood and stone, and the integration of the temple buildings with the surrounding landscape, highlight the Silla artisans’ deep respect for nature and their sophisticated aesthetic sense.

The temple’s layout follows the principles of geomancy (feng shui), believed to enhance spiritual energy and create a peaceful environment conducive to meditation and worship. The intricate details and balanced proportions of the temple structures showcase the advanced engineering and artistic skills of the Silla period.

Cultural and Spiritual Importance

Bulguksa Temple is not only an architectural masterpiece but also a living center of Buddhist practice. It continues to function as an active temple, attracting both pilgrims and tourists from around the world. The temple’s serene atmosphere and beautiful surroundings provide a contemplative space for visitors to engage with Buddhist teachings and practices.

The temple is also a key site for understanding Korean history and culture. It has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its outstanding universal value and its role in the cultural heritage of humanity. Bulguksa Temple embodies the spiritual and artistic achievements of the Silla period and serves as a bridge connecting the past to the present.

The Mystical Beauty of Seokguram Grotto

Seokguram Grotto, perched on the slopes of Mount Tohamsan, is a breathtaking example of Korean Buddhist art and architecture. Completed in 774 AD during the Unified Silla period, the grotto is a magnificent stone temple that houses a serene statue of the Buddha seated in meditation. The statue is surrounded by exquisitely carved bodhisattvas, disciples, and guardian deities, all meticulously chiseled from granite. This sanctuary, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, exemplifies the pinnacle of Silla craftsmanship and spiritual devotion. Visiting Seokguram Grotto offers a serene and contemplative experience, allowing visitors to appreciate the profound artistry and spiritual depth of ancient Korea.

Anapji Pond: A Glimpse into Royal Leisure

Anapji Pond, also known as Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond, is a stunning artificial pond built during the reign of King Munmu in the 7th century. This beautiful site was part of the royal palace complex and served as a leisure garden for Silla royalty. The pond is meticulously designed with elegant pavilions and lush gardens, reflecting the sophisticated tastes of the Silla aristocracy. Today, Anapji Pond is a popular destination for both tourists and locals, especially enchanting at night when the pavilions are illuminated, casting shimmering reflections on the water. A visit to Anapji Pond provides a serene and picturesque glimpse into the leisurely pursuits of Silla royalty.

Cheomseongdae Observatory: The Oldest Existing Astronomical Observatory in Asia

Bulguksa Temple, located in Gyeongju, South Korea, is a stunning example of Buddhist architecture and a vital piece of the country’s cultural heritage. Constructed during the Silla Dynasty in the 8th century, Bulguksa Temple stands as a testament to the sophisticated artistry and spiritual devotion of the time. This historic site is not only a significant religious center but also a symbol of Korean architectural prowess and aesthetic sensibility.

Cheomseongdae Observatory, built during the reign of Queen Seondeok in the 7th century, is the oldest existing astronomical observatory in Asia. This stone structure, standing at about 9 meters high, exemplifies the scientific advancements of the Silla period. Its design, featuring 27 circular layers of stone, is believed to represent the lunar calendar. Cheomseongdae was used for observing the stars and weather, showcasing the Silla kingdom’s sophisticated understanding of astronomy. Today, visitors can marvel at this ancient structure and appreciate the historical significance of Silla’s contributions to early astronomical science.

Tumuli Park: The Silent Guardians of Silla Kings

Tumuli Park, also known as Daereungwon, is a historic site where numerous large burial mounds of Silla kings and nobles are located. This park includes the famous Cheonmachong (Heavenly Horse Tomb), where visitors can enter and view the interior of a Silla royal tomb. The tombs, covered in lush grass, stand as silent guardians of the past, preserving the legacy of Silla’s royal lineage. Exploring Tumuli Park offers a unique opportunity to delve into the burial practices and royal heritage of the Silla kingdom, providing a tangible connection to Korea’s ancient history.

Gyeongju National Museum: A Treasure Trove of Silla Artifacts

The Gyeongju National Museum is a premier institution dedicated to preserving and showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the Silla Dynasty. The museum’s extensive collection includes artifacts ranging from royal crowns and jewelry to pottery and Buddhist relics. Through its exhibits, visitors can gain a deep understanding of the artistic, cultural, and technological achievements of the Silla period. The museum also features interactive displays and educational programs, making it an engaging destination for history enthusiasts of all ages. A visit to the Gyeongju National Museum is an immersive journey into the heart of Silla civilization.

Hwangnyongsa Temple Site: Echoes of a Grand Past

Hwangnyongsa Temple, once one of the largest and most important Buddhist temples in Silla, now lies in ruins. Originally constructed in the 6th century, the temple complex was a grand architectural marvel, featuring a nine-story wooden pagoda that stood as a symbol of Silla’s devotion to Buddhism. Although only the foundations remain today, the site offers a poignant glimpse into the temple’s former grandeur. Visitors can explore the remnants and imagine the scale and beauty of Hwangnyongsa, reflecting on its historical and spiritual significance in Silla’s Buddhist culture.

Each of these sites in Gyeongju offers a unique window into the rich history and cultural legacy of the Silla Kingdom. From the serene beauty of Seokguram Grotto to the scientific ingenuity of Cheomseongdae Observatory, exploring these locations provides a profound appreciation for Korea’s ancient heritage.

What to Eat in Gyeongju

Famous Foods in Gyeongju

Gyeongju Hwangnam-ppang (황남빵):

• Description: A traditional Korean pastry filled with red bean paste. It originated in Gyeongju and is a must-try for visitors.
• Where to Find: Various bakeries around Gyeongju, especially near tourist areas like the Gyeongju Historic Areas.

Ssambap (쌈밥):

• Description: A Korean meal where various types of leafy vegetables are used to wrap rice and a variety of side dishes, including seasoned meats, pastes, and sauces.
• Where to Find: Many traditional Korean restaurants in Gyeongju offer Ssambap sets.
• Restaurant Well-being Hwangto Ureongi Ssam-bap Information
  • Location: 847 Yongdam-ro, Hyangok-myeon, Gyeongju-si
  • Inquiries: 054-777-6603
  • Business Hours: 11:00 – 19:30 (Closing early if ingredients run out)
  • Closed: Thursdays
  • Signature Menu: Special Ureongi Ssamjang, Jeyuk (stir-fried pork), Ureongi Muchimhoe set
• Restaurant Ureonggaksi Ssam-bap Information
  • Location: 21 Samneung 2-gil, Gyeongju-si
  • Inquiries: 054-746-0007
  • Business Hours: 11:00 – 20:00 (Last order at 19:00)
  • Closed: Mondays
  • Signature Menu: Ureongi Gangdoenjang Ssam-bap, Jeyuk Ssam-bap, Ureongi Muchim

Gyeongju Beopju (경주법주)

• Description: A traditional Korean rice wine that has been brewed in Gyeongju for centuries. It has a smooth, slightly sweet flavor.
• Where to Find: Specialty liquor stores and traditional Korean restaurants in Gyeongju.

Where to Eat in Gyeongju

Palwoojung Haejangguk Street

This is a street with a 50-year-old history of haejangguk (hangover soup) restaurants located at the Palwoojung Intersection in Hwangoh-dong, Gyeongju. There used to be around 30 shops, but it’s not the same as it used to be. People who cannot forget the taste of the haejangguk made by grandmothers from long ago often visit this place when they travel to Gyeongju. Generally, haejangguk is made with meat and bean sprouts as the main ingredients, but the haejangguk here is uniquely made with buckwheat jelly, bean sprouts, seaweed, aged kimchi, and seafood broth. The broth is known for its clean and refreshing taste. Although haejangguk is the main dish, they also serve seonji-guk (blood sausage soup) and chueotang (loach soup).

Google Maps Link

Ssambap Street

Around Daereungwon in Gyeongju, there are many restaurants specializing in ssambap (rice wrapped in vegetable leaves). The delicious taste comes from wrapping the rice, made from high-quality Gyeongju rice, in fresh organic vegetables with homemade gochujang (red chili paste), doenjang (soybean paste), and various jeotgal (fermented seafood). When you order a ssam set, it usually comes with 7-8 kinds of vegetables, ssamjang (dipping sauce), jeotgal, meat, and abundant side dishes. Each restaurant offers various menus such as pork ssambap, Korean beef meatball ssambap, beef bulgogi ssambap, and cheonggukjang (fermented soybean paste) bulgogi ssambap, each boasting unique sauce flavors. It’s close to Daereungwon and Cheomseongdae, making it a great place to visit together.

Google Maps Link

Samneung Kalguksu Village

Near Samneung at the foot of Namsan in Gyeongju, there is a village famous for kalguksu (Korean knife-cut noodles). This place started with one or two shops long ago when local wheat was cultivated here, and it has now become a kalguksu village. Each restaurant has its own specialties, but they all use pure local wheat and make the broth with anchovies, shrimp, kelp, and green onions, adding perilla powder to make the broth slightly thick and savory. You can also enjoy side dishes like boiled pork, pajeon (green onion pancake), and acorn jelly. It’s a popular spot for hikers who enjoy walking through the Samneung pine forest or climbing Namsan.

Google Maps Link

Hwasan Bulgogi Complex

Located about 20 minutes by car from Bomun Complex in Gyeongju, Cheonbuk has a Hwasan bulgogi complex that sells only pure domestic Korean beef. Gyeongju has long been known as one of Korea’s five major cattle markets, and recently, it has been producing high-quality Korean beef known as Gyeongju Cheonnyun Hanwoo. The Hwasan bulgogi complex, which has a history of nearly 30 years, offers fresh and savory Korean beef with organic vegetables for wrapping, with charcoal-grilled ribs being especially famous. The side dishes are also abundant.

Google Maps Link

Supmeori Food Village

At the entrance to Bomun Complex in Gyeongju, there is a village called Supmeori. Supmeori has long been a food village where you can find a variety of dishes. The menus include native chicken, charcoal-grilled ribs, traditional Korean meals, spicy fish stew, soft tofu stew, and flatfish sashimi, which fit well with the atmosphere of Gyeongju. Enjoying a meal in the comfortable setting of a traditional hanok (Korean house) offers another charm of Gyeongju. Nearby is Jinpyeong King’s Tomb, which has beautiful walking trails and is worth a visit after a meal, although it is not widely known to travelers.

Bukgun Sundubu Village

At the entrance of Bomun Complex in Gyeongju, there is Bukgun-dong, where there are many restaurants specializing in sundubu (soft tofu stew), a nutritious and enjoyable dish. Because it’s in Bomun Complex, it’s also called Bomun Sundubu Village. This place has long had many farms cultivating soybeans, naturally developing soybean dishes. The sundubu jjigae (soft tofu stew) served in earthenware pots has a deep flavor made with pure domestic soybeans and is known for its spicy taste. The unique taste of adding a raw egg to the stew is also noteworthy. Each restaurant offers unique sundubu menus such as pine mushroom sundubu and soy sauce marinated crab sundubu.

Where to Stay in Kyeongju

Hilton Gyeongju

Overview: Hilton Gyeongju is a luxurious hotel offering stunning views of Bomun Lake and the surrounding mountains. With its modern amenities, spacious rooms, and excellent dining options, it is perfect for both business and leisure travelers. The hotel features an outdoor pool, fitness center, and a variety of restaurants serving international and Korean cuisine.

Features:

• Luxurious rooms with lake or mountain views
• Outdoor pool and fitness center
• Multiple dining options including buffet and à la carte
• Conference facilities and business center

How to Get There:

From Gyeongju Station, take a taxi or bus to Bomun Lake Resort, where the hotel is located. It’s approximately a 20-minute drive from the station.

Making a Reservation: Hilton Gyeongju Reservation

Commodore Hotel Gyeongju

Overview: Commodore Hotel Gyeongju is a traditional Korean-style hotel offering a unique blend of modern comfort and historical ambiance. Located near the Bomun Lake, the hotel features beautifully designed rooms, an outdoor swimming pool, and a traditional Korean sauna.

Features:

• Traditional Korean-style rooms
• Outdoor swimming pool and sauna
• Korean and international dining options
• Proximity to Bomun Lake and tourist attractions

How to Get There:

From Gyeongju Station, take a taxi to Bomun Lake Resort. The hotel is about a 15-minute drive from the station.

Making a Reservation: Commodore Hotel Gyeongju Reservation

The Suites Hotel Gyeongju

Overview: The Suites Hotel Gyeongju is a boutique hotel offering stylish and cozy accommodations. It is located within the Bomun Lake Resort area, providing easy access to major tourist attractions. The hotel features modern rooms, a garden, and a restaurant serving a variety of cuisines.

Features:

• Modern and stylish rooms
• Beautiful garden and terrace
• On-site restaurant and bar
• Convenient location near Bomun Lake

How to Get There:

From Gyeongju Station, take a taxi to the Bomun Lake Resort area. The hotel is about a 20-minute drive from the station.

Making a Reservation: The Suites Hotel Gyeongju Reservation

Kolon Hotel

Overview: Kolon Hotel Gyeongju is a renowned hotel known for its excellent service and beautiful surroundings. Nestled near Mount Tohamsan, the hotel offers a serene environment with easy access to Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple. The hotel features a large outdoor pool, a golf course, and various wellness facilities.

Features:

• Spacious rooms with mountain views
• Outdoor pool and golf course
• Wellness facilities including sauna and spa
• Close proximity to Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple

How to Get There:

From Gyeongju Station, take a taxi to the hotel. It takes about 30 minutes to reach the hotel from the station.

Making a Reservation: Kolon Hotel Gyeongju Reservation

Lahan Select Gyeongju

Overview: Lahan Select Gyeongju is a five-star hotel offering top-notch amenities and spectacular views of Bomun Lake. The hotel combines luxury with comfort, providing spacious rooms, an indoor pool, a fitness center, and multiple dining options. It’s an ideal choice for those seeking a high-end stay in Gyeongju.

Features:

• Luxurious rooms with lake views
• Indoor pool and fitness center
• Multiple dining options including a buffet and a bakery
• Excellent service and facilities

How to Get There:

From Gyeongju Station, take a taxi to Bomun Lake Resort. The hotel is about a 20-minute drive from the station.

Making a Reservation: Lahan Select Gyeongju Reservation

Kensington Resort Gyeongju

Overview: Kensington Resort Gyeongju offers a family-friendly atmosphere with a variety of recreational activities. Located near Bomun Lake, the resort features spacious rooms, a kids’ club, and various dining options. It’s an excellent choice for families and groups looking for a fun and relaxing stay.

Features:

• Family-friendly rooms and suites
• Kids’ club and playground
• Multiple dining options
• Proximity to Bomun Lake and family attractions

How to Get There:

From Gyeongju Station, take a taxi to Bomun Lake Resort. The resort is about a 15-minute drive from the station.

Making a Reservation: Kensington Resort Gyeongju Reservation

Hanwha Resort Gyeongju

Overview: Hanwha Resort Gyeongju is a comprehensive resort offering a range of accommodations and amenities. Located near Bomun Lake, the resort features a water park, a golf course, and multiple dining options. It’s perfect for families and visitors looking for an all-inclusive experience.

Features:

• Variety of rooms and suites
• Water park and golf course
• Several dining options
• Extensive recreational facilities

How to Get There:

From Gyeongju Station, take a taxi to Bomun Lake Resort. The resort is about a 20-minute drive from the station.

Making a Reservation: Hanwha Resort Gyeongju Reservation

Each of these hotels in Gyeongju offers a unique experience, catering to different preferences and needs. Whether you are looking for luxury, traditional Korean ambiance, family-friendly facilities, or convenient access to historical sites, Gyeongju has the perfect accommodation for you.

How to Get to Kyeongju

How to Travel from Seoul to Gyeongju

There are several ways to travel from Seoul to Gyeongju, each with its own advantages in terms of speed, comfort, and cost. Here are the main options:

1. By Train (KTX)

KTX (Korea Train Express)

• Overview: The KTX is the fastest way to travel from Seoul to Gyeongju. The high-speed train can cover the distance in about 2.5 hours.
• Departure Station: Seoul Station or Yongsan Station
• Arrival Station: Singyeongju Station
• Frequency: Trains run frequently throughout the day, typically every hour.
• How to Book: Tickets can be purchased online through the Korail website or at the station.
• Cost: Approximately 50,000 to 60,000 KRW (around 45-55 USD) one-way.
• How to Get There: From central Seoul, take a taxi, bus, or subway to Seoul Station or Yongsan Station. Once you arrive at Singyeongju Station, you can take a local bus or taxi to reach Gyeongju city center, which is about a 20-minute drive.

2. By Bus

Express Bus

• Overview: Express buses are a convenient and cost-effective way to travel from Seoul to Gyeongju. The journey takes about 4 hours.
• Departure Station: Seoul Express Bus Terminal or Dong Seoul Bus Terminal
• Arrival Station: Gyeongju Express Bus Terminal
• Frequency: Buses run frequently throughout the day.
• How to Book: Tickets can be purchased at the bus terminal or online through the Express Bus website.
• Cost: Approximately 20,000 to 30,000 KRW (around 18-27 USD) one-way.

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